Power Supplies

What does it do?
It brings electricity to the various computer components (e.g. mother board, hard disk etc.)
 
Quality to consider before purchasing one
Essentially, two things are important: a constant and stable flow of electricity even when the computer is working hard, and a low noise (although the latter is a rather subjective thing as some people may not be bothered by noise).

You can see the various voltages (VCore, 5v, 12v, etc) from the BIOS, or otherwise from specific applications added in Windows, such as MBM or Aida32 and so on. These apps are particularly useful when the pc is working hard: if the power supply is good, the voltage should only vary minimally or not at all.

Consider that the wrong voltage (e.g. 14v or more, which I have seen myself on a power supply of low quality) can lead to the breaking or a major malfunctioning of your pc, and within a few weeks it will damage all the other devices connected with the power supply (starting from the hard drive to the CD burner). Usually this happens because of storms: if there is no UPS to protect your pc, there may be sudden changes in the flow of electricity which will permanently damage the power supply. You may not see the damages straight away, but within a few months these will become apparent.

It is also useful to consider buying a power supply with Active PFC (Active Power Factor Correction): this device makes sure that about 90% - 95% of the electricity converted by the power supply is sent to the pc, whilst it is only 65% - 70% in the power suppplies without Active PFC (the remaining electricity is wasted).
 
The average price of a good power supply is between 70 and 100 USD (depending on its power).
 
Brands to keep in mind (buy power supply )
1) Enermax

2) Zalman

3) Antec

4) Nexus

There are also other interesting brands. Beware of cheap power supplies (especially those that are sold with the case) because the money that you save in the power supply will have to be spent severasl times over for fixing or re-buying damaged devices.